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A
Nawab (Urdu language: نواب,
Hindi language: नवाब) was originally the
subedar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a
subah (province) or region of the
Mughal empire. It became a high title for Muslim nobles.
History
The term is
Urdu language, derived from the Arabic language being the honorific plural of
naib i.e. 'deputy'. In some areas, especially Bengal, the term is pronounced
Nabob. This later variation has entered the English and other foreign languages, see below.
Nawab title is basically derived from the title of the four nayab(deputy) of 12th and last Imam (Imam-e-zamana)of Shias sect. that is why mostly all the Shia rulers have called them Nawab instead of calling Sultan or King.
Since most of the Muslim rulers of the subcontinent had;like most otherwise titled
Hindu Rajas and other
princely states— accepted the authority of the Mughals at the height of this empire the term Nawab is often used to refer to any Muslim ruler in the subcontinent. This is technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to others but not applied to every Muslim ruler. With the decline of that empire the title, and the powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces.
Many Nawabs later accepted British rule. Under later British rule, Muslim Nawabs continued to rule various princely states of Awadh, Amb, Bahawalpur, Baoni, Banganapalle, Bhopal,
Cambay, Jaora,
Junagadh, Kalabagh,
Kurnool,
Kurwai,
Palanpur,
Pataudi, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh ,
Sachin and Tonk, India. Other former rulers bearing the title, such as the Nawabs of Bengal, had been dispossessed by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857.
The style for a Nawab dynasty's queen(s) (usually his consort, and Islam is polygamous) is
Begum (not specific).Most of the Nawab dynasties were male primogenitures, although several ruling Begums of Bhopal and Ruchka Begum of TikaitGanj, near Lucknow were a notable exception.
Before the incorporation of India into the
British Empire, Nawabs ruled the kingdoms of Awadh (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzereignty and assume the imperial style of
Badshah),
Bengal, Arcot and Bhopal.
A few of the Muslim rulers who were tributary to the Mughal emperors used other titles; the first
Nizam of
Hyderabad state was given the alternative title Nizam, usually translated as Governor of the
Mughal kingdom.
Ruling Nawabs
Families ruling when acceding to India
Families ruling when acceding to Pakistan (including present Bangladesh)
Former dynasties which became political pensioners
- Padshah-i-Oudh, formerly Nawab Wazir of Awadh, the Nawab of that rich province near the capital who was also imperial Wasir of all Mughal India, both hereditary
- Nawabs of Bengal, as Nawabs of Murshidabad
- Nawab of Surat
- Nawab of Marauli
- Nawab of Patna
Other Nawabs
Personal Nawabs
The title
nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage, to persons and families who never ruled a princely state. The term nawab got widest currency in the nineteenth century. In order to motivate the Bengal ruling classes to participate in the community services the Auckland administration (1836-1842) had introduced a system of conferring honorific titles on the philanthropic and socially leading people. For the Muslim elite various Mughal-type titles were introduced, including Nawab. Among the noted British creations of this type were Nawab Khwaja Abdul Ghani (1813-1896), Nawab
Abdool Luteef (1828-1893), Nawab
Faizunnesa Choudhurani (1834-1904), Nawab
Ali Chowdhury (1863-1929), Nawab Syed Shamsul Huda (1862-1922) and Nawab Sirajul Islam (1848-1923). The 'Nawab' title was normally awarded to those influential people who already had some connection in land control and the title was attached to the name of the concerned estate or village, such as the
Dhaka Nawab Family (seated at
Ahsan Manzil), not to be confused with the earlier
Naib Nazims of Dhaka which had been pensioned off in 1793). There also were the Nawabs of
Dhanbari (Tangail), Nawabs of
Ratanpur (Comilla), and such others.
Nawab as a court rank
- At the court of Persia's Shahanshahs of the imperial Qajar dynasty, precedence for non-members of the dynasty was organised in eight protocollary classes, generally coupled to various offices and qualities; the highest of these, styled nawab, was usually reserved for minor princes, while the six next classes (Shakhs-i-Awwal, Janab, Amir or Khan, 'Ali Jah Muqarrab, 'Ali Jah, 'Ali Sha'an) were awarded to various ministers, officers, commanders, Muslim clergy and so on, the eight and lowest, 'Ali Qadir, even to guild masters and the like.
- Nawab was also the rank title—again not an office—of a much lower class of Muslim nobles—in fact retainers—at the court of the Nisam of Hyderabad state and Berar State, ranking only above Khan bahadur and Khan, but under (in ascending order) Jang, Daula, Mulk, Umara and Jah; the equivalent for Hindu courtiers was Raja Bahadur.
Derived titles
Nawabzada
This style, adding the Persian suffix
-zada which means son (or other male descendants; see other cases in Prince), (etymo)logically fits a Nawab's sons, but in actual practice various dynasties established other customs.
For example in
Bahawalpur only the Nawab's Heir Apparent used
Nawabzada before his personal name, then
Khan Abassi, finally
Wali Ahad Bahadur (an enhancement of Wali Ehed), while the other sons of the ruling Nawab used the style Sahibzada before the personal name and only Khan Abassi behind.
Elsewhere, rulers who were not styled nawab yet awarded a title nawabzada.
===Nabob===In colloquial usage in
English language (since 1612), adopted in other Western languages, the corrupted form nabob refers to commoners: a
merchant-leader of high
social status and
wealth. It can also be used metaphorically for people who have a grandiose style or manner of speech, as in Spiro Agnew's famous dismissal of the press as
"nattering nabobs of negativism".
Naybob
A corrupted form of the English Nabob, which in itself is a corruption of the Indian Nawab. Noun representing a person who has a negative disposition or one who tends to disagree with everything. Example of usage "Of course you can do it, just ignore the naybobs".
See also
Sources and references
- Encyclopaedia: Dhaka Nawab Estate
- Nawab in Banglapedia
- Etymology OnLine
- RoyalArk- here Indian, see also Pakistan extensive genealogies on several dynasties
- WorldStatesmen more concise but more states
A
Nawab (Urdu language: نواب, Hindi language: नवाब) was originally the
subedar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a
subah (province) or region of the
Mughal empire. It became a high title for Muslim nobles.
History
The term is
Urdu language, derived from the
Arabic language being the honorific plural of
naib i.e. 'deputy'. In some areas, especially
Bengal, the term is pronounced
Nabob. This later variation has entered the English and other foreign languages, see below.
Nawab title is basically derived from the title of the four nayab(deputy) of 12th and last Imam (Imam-e-zamana)of Shias sect. that is why mostly all the Shia rulers have called them Nawab instead of calling Sultan or King.
Since most of the
Muslim rulers of the subcontinent had;like most otherwise titled
Hindu Rajas and other
princely states— accepted the authority of the Mughals at the height of this empire the term Nawab is often used to refer to any Muslim ruler in the subcontinent. This is technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to others but not applied to every Muslim ruler. With the decline of that empire the title, and the powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces.
Many Nawabs later accepted British rule. Under later British rule, Muslim Nawabs continued to rule various princely states of Awadh, Amb,
Bahawalpur,
Baoni,
Banganapalle,
Bhopal, Cambay,
Jaora,
Junagadh, Kalabagh, Kurnool, Kurwai, Palanpur, Pataudi, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh , Sachin and Tonk, India. Other former rulers bearing the title, such as the Nawabs of
Bengal, had been dispossessed by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857.
The style for a Nawab dynasty's queen(s) (usually his consort, and Islam is polygamous) is
Begum (not specific).Most of the Nawab dynasties were male primogenitures, although several ruling Begums of
Bhopal and Ruchka Begum of TikaitGanj, near Lucknow were a notable exception.
Before the incorporation of India into the
British Empire, Nawabs ruled the kingdoms of
Awadh (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzereignty and assume the imperial style of Badshah),
Bengal, Arcot and
Bhopal.
A few of the Muslim rulers who were tributary to the Mughal emperors used other titles; the first
Nizam of Hyderabad state was given the alternative title
Nizam, usually translated as Governor of the
Mughal kingdom.
Ruling Nawabs
Families ruling when acceding to India
Families ruling when acceding to Pakistan (including present Bangladesh)
Former dynasties which became political pensioners
- Padshah-i-Oudh, formerly Nawab Wazir of Awadh, the Nawab of that rich province near the capital who was also imperial Wasir of all Mughal India, both hereditary
- Nawabs of Bengal, as Nawabs of Murshidabad
- Nawab of Surat
- Nawab of Marauli
- Nawab of Patna
Other Nawabs
Personal Nawabs
The title
nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage, to persons and families who never ruled a princely state. The term nawab got widest currency in the nineteenth century. In order to motivate the Bengal ruling classes to participate in the community services the Auckland administration (1836-1842) had introduced a system of conferring honorific titles on the philanthropic and socially leading people. For the Muslim elite various Mughal-type titles were introduced, including Nawab. Among the noted British creations of this type were Nawab Khwaja Abdul Ghani (1813-1896), Nawab
Abdool Luteef (1828-1893), Nawab Faizunnesa Choudhurani (1834-1904), Nawab Ali Chowdhury (1863-1929), Nawab
Syed Shamsul Huda (1862-1922) and Nawab
Sirajul Islam (1848-1923). The 'Nawab' title was normally awarded to those influential people who already had some connection in land control and the title was attached to the name of the concerned estate or village, such as the Dhaka Nawab Family (seated at Ahsan Manzil), not to be confused with the earlier
Naib Nazims of Dhaka which had been pensioned off in 1793). There also were the Nawabs of
Dhanbari (Tangail), Nawabs of
Ratanpur (Comilla), and such others.
Nawab as a court rank
- At the court of Persia's Shahanshahs of the imperial Qajar dynasty, precedence for non-members of the dynasty was organised in eight protocollary classes, generally coupled to various offices and qualities; the highest of these, styled nawab, was usually reserved for minor princes, while the six next classes (Shakhs-i-Awwal, Janab, Amir or Khan, 'Ali Jah Muqarrab, 'Ali Jah, 'Ali Sha'an) were awarded to various ministers, officers, commanders, Muslim clergy and so on, the eight and lowest, 'Ali Qadir, even to guild masters and the like.
- Nawab was also the rank title—again not an office—of a much lower class of Muslim nobles—in fact retainers—at the court of the Nisam of Hyderabad state and Berar State, ranking only above Khan bahadur and Khan, but under (in ascending order) Jang, Daula, Mulk, Umara and Jah; the equivalent for Hindu courtiers was Raja Bahadur.
Derived titles
Nawabzada
This style, adding the Persian suffix
-zada which means son (or other male descendants; see other cases in
Prince), (etymo)logically fits a Nawab's sons, but in actual practice various dynasties established other customs.
For example in
Bahawalpur only the Nawab's Heir Apparent used
Nawabzada before his personal name, then
Khan Abassi, finally
Wali Ahad Bahadur (an enhancement of Wali Ehed), while the other sons of the ruling Nawab used the style Sahibzada before the personal name and only Khan Abassi behind.
Elsewhere, rulers who were not styled nawab yet awarded a title nawabzada.
===Nabob===In colloquial usage in
English language (since 1612), adopted in other Western languages, the corrupted form nabob refers to commoners: a merchant-leader of high
social status and
wealth. It can also be used metaphorically for people who have a grandiose style or manner of speech, as in Spiro Agnew's famous dismissal of the press as
"nattering nabobs of negativism".
Naybob
A corrupted form of the English Nabob, which in itself is a corruption of the Indian Nawab. Noun representing a person who has a negative disposition or one who tends to disagree with everything. Example of usage "Of course you can do it, just ignore the naybobs".
See also
Sources and references
- Encyclopaedia: Dhaka Nawab Estate
- Nawab in Banglapedia
- Etymology OnLine
- RoyalArk- here Indian, see also Pakistan extensive genealogies on several dynasties
- WorldStatesmen more concise but more states
Nawab 236-238 Oldham Road, Failsworth, Manchester, M35 0HB Tel: 0161 ...
Indian restaurant with two locations in Manchester, Cheetham Hill and Failsworth. Includes menus, wine list and location map.
Nawab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A Nawab or Nawaab (Urdu: نواب, Hindi: नवाब) was originally the subedar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a subah (province) or region of the Mughal empire.
The Nawab Indian Restaurant and Brasserie, Newbury, West Berkshire for ...
The Nawab Indian Restaurant and Brasserie, Newbury, West Berkshire ... Welcome to The Nawab: The Nawab Indian Restaurant and Brasserie is situated in the market town of Newbury ...
AskOxford: nawab
nawab /n waab / • noun Indian 1 historical a native governor during the time of the Mogul empire. 2 a Muslim nobleman or person of high status. — ORIGIN Urdu, from Arabic ...
Dictionary of Difficult Words - nawab
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Nawab, Indian Restaurant in Oldham Road | Manchester Restaurants Guide
Restaurant information for Nawab ( Restaurant) in Oldham Road from Manchester.com - your guide to the best restaurants and eateries in Manchester
nawab - definition of nawab by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus ...
na·wab (n-w b) n. See nabob. nawab [na-wahb] Noun (formerly) a Muslim ruler or powerful landowner in India [Hindi nawwāb, from Arabic nuwwāb, plural of na'ib viceroy]
nawab - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about nawab
18th- and 19th-century nickname for those who made their fortune in India, a corruption of the Mogul royal title nawab. The name became widespread when many ‘nabobs’ returned ...
Nawab of Bengal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Nawabs of Bengal were the hereditary nazim s or subadars (provincial governors) of the subah (province) of Bengal during the Mughal rule and the de-facto rulers of the province ...
Nawab Indian Restaurants in Kampala and Dubai.....
Nawab offers Indian cuisine, curries, tandoori, tikka, fish, meat, chicken & vegetarian meals in restaurants in Kampala, Uganda and also in Dubai. Tea, coffee, alcoholic drinks ...
